kXyw FÃmbvt]mgpw \ap¡v CjvSIcambncn¡pIbnÃ. \ap¡v CjvSIchpw A\njvSIchpamb bmYmÀ°y§Ä Cu {]]©¯nep­v. bmYmÀ°y§sf AhKWn¡p¶Xpw sXän²mcWaqew kXys¯ Ak-Xy-sa¶pw AkXys¯ kXysa¶pw IcpXnt¸mIp¶Xpw A´nahniIe\¯n \ap¡p tZmjIcamsW¶Xn\p kwibanÃ. AXn\m \ap¡v CjvSIcamb bmYmÀ°y§sf \mw kzmKXw sN¿pt¼mÄ A\njvSIcamb bmYmÀ°y§fpsS t\sc I®Sbv¡msX Ah AwKoIcn¡p¶Xn\pÅ hnthIw \mw ImWnt¡­XmWv.

sR«n¸n¡pIbpw thZ\n¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ Nne kXy§Ä Cu ]pkvXI¯n hyàam¡nbn«p­v. ]mc¼cyamb Nne sXän²mcWIÄ \½psS kaql¯n \ne\nev¡pIbpw Ahsb \½psS ]qÀÆnI•mÀ bYmÀ° kXy§sf¶p IcpXpIbpw sNbvXn«pÅXn\m \ap¡v B Bib§tfmSp Hcp {]tXyI aaX tXm¶pI kzm`mhnIamWv. AXp sIm­v Ah sXämsW¶p h¶m Ahbv¡p t\sc I®Sbv¡m\pw Ah sXäpIfsöp hmZn¡m\pw \ap¡p t{]cW tXm¶pw. F¶m kXyamWp \s½ bYmÀ° kzm{X´y¯nte¡pw \•bnte¡pw \bn¡p¶sX¶p a\Ênem¡n thZ\bpfhm¡p¶ kXy§sfbpw AwKoIcn¡phm³ \mw X¿mdmtI­XmhiyamWv. Cu at\m`mht¯mSpIqSn Cu {KÙ¯nse Bib§Ä am\yhmb\¡mÀ kq£vaambn ]cntim[n¡Wsa¶v {]tXyIw A`yÀ°n¡pIbmWv.

Cu ]pkvXI¯nsâ {]kn²oIcW¯n\p ]n¶n At\Iw BfpIfpsS Iq«mb {]bXv\w D­mbn«ps­¶v IrXÚm]qÀÆw HmÀ¡p¶p. CXnsâ Is¿¯p {]Xn ]IÀ¯n FgpXnbpw hn«pIftb­Xpw FgpXn tNÀt¡­Xpamb ]e Bib§Ä {i²bnÂs]Sp¯n¯cnIbpw sNbvXn«pÅ Fsâ klhnizmknIfpsSbpw IpSpw_mwK§fpsSbpw klmbklIcW§Ä {]tXyIw FSp¯p ]dtb­nbncn¡p¶p A`n{]mb§Ä FgpXn¯¶ {io.sI.hn. kmaph sk¡´cm_mZv, ]mÌÀ sI.kn. tPm¬ sF.]n.kn. tÌäv sk{I«dn F¶nhtcmSpw, lrZbwKaamb \µn tcJs¸Sp¯ns¡mÅp¶p.

FÃmän\pap]cnbmbn, Cu {KÙ¯nsâ cN\bpw {]kn²nIcWhpw km²yambn¯oÀ¶Xv hmkvXh¯n ssZhIr] H¶psIm­p am{XamWv F¶ hkvXpX, ssZh¯n\p kvtXm{Xw AÀ¸n¨psIm­v \µn]qÀÆw kvacn¡p¶p. ss{IkvXhk`bpsS DÛhw, hfÀ¨, C¶v temI¯n \nehnencn¡p¶ hnhn[ k`IÄ, ssZhap¼msI \ap¡pÅ D¯chmZn¯§Ä, \mw Ahiyw Adnªncnt¡­ hN\kXy§Ä, Ncn{XkXy§Ä F¶nhsb¡pdn¨v kq£va]T\w \S¯m\pw bYmÀ° kXy§Ä AwKoIcn¨psIm­v {]hÀ¯n¡m\papÅ t{]cW Cu {KÙ¯nsâ am\yhmb\¡mÀ¡p­mIs« F¶ {]mÀ°\tbmSp IqsS CXv IÀ¯rIc§fn kaÀ¸n¡p¶p.
 

än. tPm¬ amXyp

a®p¯n
20th December 1996

*Rf~OeT" 1ä2

An]-NkLpU WNmh¡ ã]. S^L¦ oLf|O IuO-f]p ""kSNfL-y]R£ y]UzL-yjU"" IÐ kOyVf-W-R¾-Õã] An]-NkLpU IuOfL¢ Ca-pL-WO-Ð-f]¤ `L¢ Af]-pLp] ySÍL-x]-¨O-ÐO. pgL¡À KqO yf|L-Sj~x] yf|U WRº-¾L¢ CT kOyVfWU kq|L-kVf-oLWOU IÐ-f]jO yUw-p-o]-æs. RRhv-v-\-j-oLeV jÚORa ^ }v]-f-¾]jOU NkoL-e-¾]jOU BiL-qU. Af]-Rj-f]-qLp] IÍO kb]-Õ]-ÿ\LsOU B\-q]-ÿ\LsOU AfV hOqO-k-ShwU Bp]-q]-¨OU. RRhv-v-\-j-¾]jO kW-q-oLp] kLq-Ò-q|-SoL, RWŸO-W-g-SpL, v]wO-È-ÓLSqL vqL¢ kLa]æs IÐOU jÚORa ^ }v]-f-vOU -D-k-Sh-wvOU RRhv-v-\-j¾]jV Aa]-ò-L-j-oL-p]-q]-¨-e-RoÐOU CT NYÏ-¾]¤ \Pº]-¨L-e]-ÿ\]-q]-¨O-ÐfV AUY }-WL-q-SpL-Y|-oL-eV.

NW]yVf }p yn-pORa BqUnU oOfSs ks-v]i hOqO-k-Sh-w-°tOU hOqL-\L-q-°tOU kLq-Ò-q|-°tOU Af]¤ Wa-Ð-OWP-a]-p]-ŸO-ºV. Bp-f]-jL¤ SW¥¨O-Ð-RfæsLU ASf-ka] v]w~y]-¨L-Rf, AfV A°Rj fRÐSpL IÐV mSqL-v-p]-sOçv¡ kq]-SwL-i]-ÿ\-r]-´-fO-SkLRs (A-RÕL. NkvQ¾] 17:11) jLoOU kq]-SwL-i]-¨eU. A°Rj R\áO-Ð]æs IË]¤ ks-v]i hOq-Ok-Sh-w-°tOU B\L-q-°tOU jLU AUY }-W-q]-ÿ\O-SkL-WL¢ yLÈ|-f-pOºV. jLU NkoL-e]-ÿ\O-SkLqOÐ ks Dk-Sh-w-°tOU B\L-q-°tOU wq]SpL RfSãL IÐV ksqOU f]q]-ÿ\-r]-pL¢ NwÈ]-¨L-r]-æs. Bp-f]-jL¤ CÐ-Sj-WqOU A³L-jL-Ì-WL-q-¾]¤ Wu]-pO-W-pLeV. kSNfL-y]£ y]UzL-yjU IÐ NYÏU C°-Rj-p-Oç-v¡¨V KqO vu]-WL-Ÿ]pL-eV. CÐV NW]yVf }-pSsLW-¾]Rs ks AÌ-v]-w~L-y-°-tO-RapOU j]^-ò-]f] CfO Rvt]-RÕ-aO-¾O-ÐO.

kSNfL-y]jV ksqOU WsVk]ÿ\O RWLaO-¨OÐ NkSf|W Ai]-WL-q-°-tORa j|Lp }-W-qeU f]qO-v-\-j-¾]SsL \-q]-Nf-¾]SsL jLU WLeO-Ð]-æs. kSNfLyV JfO WLq|vOU iQf-Y-f]-SpL-aO-WPa] kr-pO-vLjOU R\áO-vLjOU oOf]¡Ð]-ŸOºV IÐ vLyVfvU fRÐ-Õ-ã] -k-b]-ÿ\]-ŸOç Jv¡¨OU Ar]-pLU. Ai]WU \]Í]-¨LRf iQf-Yf] WLe]-¨O-Ð-v¢ ks RfãO-WtOU R\pVvL¢ Ca-pL-p]-¾ }qOU IÐ-V kSNfL-y]R£ ^ }v]fU jRÚ kb]-Õ]-¨OÐO.

SpwOvOU w]x|-ÓLqOU WPa] os-p]¤ NkL¡À]-ÕL¢ SkLWOWpOU Av]-Ra-vÿ\V SpwO qPkL-ÍqU NkLk]-ÿ\fOU jLU vL-p]-¨O-ÐO. CfO- WºV kSNfLyV kr-pOÐ vL¨O-W¥ NwSÈ-p-oL-eV. ""fL¢ kr-pO-Ð-fV- C-Ð-RfÐV Ar]-pLRf kr´O"" IÐV RRhvL-ÄLvV SqX-RÕ-aO-¾]-p]-q]-¨O-ÐO. j } ^ }v-jOç RRhv-¾]R£ kONfjLp NW]yVfO IÐV SpwO-v]-Rj-Õã] kSNfLyV JãO-k-r-´fV SpwO AUY }-W-q]-ÿ\O. IË]sOU AsVk-y-o-p-¾]-jO-ç]¤ ""yL¾L-Sj, IRÐ v]ŸO SkL"" IÐ wLy-jpV¨V v]Si-p-jL-W-¾¨ j]s-p]-Ss¨V kSNfLyV fLeO-SkL-p]. ""`L¢ j]SÐLaO WPRa fa-v]sL-WLjOU oq]-ÕLjOU KqO°]p]q]-¨OÐO"" IÐO kr´ kSNfLyV `L¢ AvRj Ar]-pO-Ð]æs IÐV oPÐO-NkL-v-w|U- f-ç]-Õ-r-pO-W-pO-ºLp] IÐOU jLU vLp]-¨O-ÐO. CT yUn-v-°-t]¤ j]ÐOU kSNfLyV ANk-oL-h]¾U Dç BtæsL-p]-qOÐO IÐV vtRq v|©-oL-eV. A°-Rj-Rp-Ë]¤ kSNfL-y]R£ AjOYLo]-W¥ IÐO j]qP-k]-ÿ\V, kSNfL-y]-R£- y]U-zL-y-j-¾]-s]-q]-¨O-Ð-v¡ I°-Rj-pLeV Av-qORa ANk-oL-h]¾U Rft]-p]-¨O-ÐfV?

kSNfLyV SrLoL-yn òLk]-¨O-W-pOU -A-f]R£ Bh|R¾ oL¡ÕL-Õ-pLp] nqeU ja-¾O-WpOU R\pVfO-RvÐ Aa]-òL-j-q-z]-f-oLp AÌ-v]-w~L-yR¾ \q]-Nf-R¾-t]-vO-W-tORa Rvt]-ÿ\-¾]¤ CT NYϾ]¤ v]w-W-sjU R\pVfO kq]-SwL-i]-ÿ\]-q]-¨O-ÐfV f]Wÿ\OU wVtLZ-j }-p-oL-eV. ynL-\-q]NfU SjL¨O-W-pL-Re-Ë]¤ J.-c]. 445þ¤ SrLoLy-nL-È|-ƒ-jLp s]SpL KÐL-o¢ RvrOU IŸO-v-pôV oLNfU NkLp-oOç \NW-v¡¾] vLs£ }-j]-p¢ oPÐL-o-Rj-R¨LºV SrLoL-y-nL-È|-ƒ¢ y¡ÿv-y-n-W-tO-RapOU nq-eLi]-WL-q]-pL-Re-ÐV WsVkj kOrRÕ-aO-v]-ÿ\O. s]SpL KÐL-o-jO-SwxU Aa]-òL-j-q-z]-f-oLp ks hOqO-k-Sh-w-°tOU yn-p]¤ RWLºO-v-ÐfV NY]Yr] IÐ SrLoL-y-nL-È|-ƒ-jL-eV. -k-SNfLyV oãV ARÕL-yVf-sÓL-Rq-¨L¥ SNwxVb-jL-p]-qO-RÐ-ÐOU -yL¡ÿv-Nf]-W- y-n-pORa \Oo-fs W¡¾LvV kSNfL-y]Rj JsVk]-Rÿ\ÐOU CT Av-WL-wU, kSNfL-y]R£ AjO-YLo] IÐ j]s-p]¤ fj]-¨O-RºÐOU ASÇzU NkX|L-k]-ÿ\O. CT NY]Y-r]-pLeV wOÈ }-W-q-e-ò-s-R¾-Õã] (^TQuoS }Q|) pOç Dk-Sh-w-vOU, W¡¾Q-So-w-p]-sOç vyVfO-oL-ã-R¾-Õ-ã] (D }qSQw]s }t bQoRTpRSo]SwoSw }])- pOç Dk-Sh-wvOU kb]-Õ]-ÿ\-fV.

SpLSy-I]-Rj-Õ-ã]-pOç v]w~L-yvOU or]-p-pORa Ao-SsL-Â-v-vOU, or-]-p-pORa y~¡«L-SqL-ze-vOU kSNfL-y]R£ y]UzL-y-j-S¾LaOç mÌ-¾]¤ D¥RÕ-aO-¾L-vO-Ð-f-æs. IÐL¤ fRÐpOU Av-pV¨-a]-òL-j-oLp AÌ-v]-w~L-y-°¥ ksSqpOU yf|-¾]¤ j]ÐO v|f]-\-s]-Õ]-¨O-Ð-v-pL-W-pL¤ CT v]x-pvOU D¥R¨L-ç]-ÿ\]-q]-¨O-Ð-f]jO of]-pLp j|Lp }-W-q-e-o-OºV.

CT kOyVfWU oOXL-ÍqU AÌ-WL-q-¾]¤ Wu]-pOÐ ks-qO-RapOU W¹O-W¥ fOr-¨-RÕ-aO-vLjOU Av¡ Rvt]ÿ\U WLeO-vLjOU Ca-pL-p]-¾ }qOU IÐ-f]jV yUw-p-o]-æs. C°-Rj -KqO WQf] IuO-fO-vL¢ Nm-h¡ ã]. S^L¦ oLf|O-v]jV RRhvU NkLkVf] j¤W]-p-SfL¡¾V RRhvR¾ yVfOf]-¨O-ÐO. CfO-oPsU ASj-W¡ Rvt]-ÿ\-¾]-Ss¨O vqO-vL¢ y¡ÿv-w-©-jLp RRhvU yzL-p]-¨-RŸ.
 

RW. v]. yLoP-Sv¤ B.D.Ry¨¢c-rL-mLhV
Ry¨¢crL-mLhV
6-­--12-­1996

An]-NkLpU WWNw }. ã].- S^L¦ oLf|O q\]ÿ\ ‘kSNfL-y]-R£- y]UzL-yjU’ IÐ NYÏ-¾]R£ Db^ Nk]£V vLp]-¨L-j]-a-pL-p]. KqO wLyVNf-³£ j]q }-ƒ-e-kL-avS¾L-Ra, KqO fLf~]-WR£ pO©] v]\LqS¾LRa \q]-NfL-k-NY-g-j-¾]-sPRa yf|U ASj~-x]-¨OÐ NYÏ-WL-qR£ j]Y-o-j-°¥ If]-qL-t]-W¥ SkLsOU fs-WOsO¨] yÚ-f]-ÿ\O-SkL-WO-Ð-v-pL-eV.yf|L-Sj~-x-e -v|-NYf kq-oL¡À]-W-tL-p -K-Ÿ-jvi]pL-tO-W-t]¤ CÐO w©]-RÕ-Ÿ]-q]-¨-pL¤ CT kOyVfWU ASj-W-qORa W¹-OWRt fOr-¨O-RoÐV Dr-Õ]¨LU.

f }xVe-f-pOç RRhvU fR£ oz-f~R¾ oRãL-q-O¾-jO-oLp] kË-ORv-¨]æs IÐfV RRmm]¥ NkX|L-kjU BeV. NW]yVfO-v]R£ j]yVfO-s|-fpOU oz-f~vOU RRhv]-W-fpOU KqO oj-x|jOU Av-WL-w-RÕ-aL-jL-v]-æs. BqL-i-jpV¨O SpLY|¢ ArO-¨-RÕŸ WO´L-aLp SpwO-NW]-yVfO-vL-ReÐV f]q-ORv-uO-¾O-W¥ SZLx]-¨-OÐO.

SpwO-v]R£ AÚ- o-r]p nLY|-v-f]-RpÐV yWs fs-oO-r-WtOU vLuV¾OU. Av¥ mzO-oL-j-¾]jO SpLY| pL-eV. IÐL¤ BqL-i-jpV¨V A¡z-p-æs.

yn-pORa oPs¨æsV NW]yVfO-vL-eV. NW]yVfO-vL-WOÐ kLr-So¤ BeV RRh-v-¾]R£ yn ke]-p-RÕ-aO-Ð-fV. B kLr kSNfL-y-æs. NW]yVfO-v]-SÓ¤ ke]-p-RÕŸ kLr-¨-æsLeV kSNfL-yV.

RRhv-¾]jOoLNfU A¡z-oLp oz-f~-°¥ JRf-Ë]sU ojO-x|-jO-Svº] j¤WO-ÐO-Rv-Ë]¤ AfV RRhv-j]-Î-pLeV.

yf|R¾ yVSjz]-ÿ\O- RRW-R¨L-çOW IÐfV ojO-x|R£ D¾-q-vL-h]-¾-oLeV. AfO R\áO-Ð-v¡ qƒ]-¨-RÕaOU; IÐL¤ \]s¡ Aj }-f]-p]¤ qy]-¨O-Ð-v-qLeV; yf|U v]w~-y]-¨-p]-æs-; A-v-qORa So¤ j|L-p-v]i] vqOU. Av¡ SnLxV¨]R£ v|LkL-q-w-©]-p]¤ mÌ]-f-qL-eV. RRhv-oLeV B v]i]- A-v¡¨O j¤W]-pfV. 2Rfô.2:10.yf|U y~LfNÍ|U vqO-¾O-ÐO. RRhv-v-\-j-oLeV yf|U.- k-SNfL-y]R£ y]UzL-yjU IÐ kOyVfWU yf|-v-\-j-°Rt Rvt]-RÕ-aO-¾O-ÐO. j]q-v-i]-pL-tO-W¥¨V CT kOyVfWU Rvt]ÿ\U j¤W-RŸ.kLð¡ RW. y]. S^L¦.

RI.-k]-.y]. SðãV RyNW-Ÿr]
WOÒ-jLaV
10-­12-­1996
 

]I{enM|\H"
 

Bh]oRRNWyVfvynpRa nqeq }f]RpÕã]pOU Af]R£ Aa]òLjv]w~Ly°RtÕã]pOU JRfLqO NW]yVf|Lj]pOU v|©oLp] ojô]sL¨]p]q]S¨ºfLeV. Af]jLp] Nwo]¨OSÒL¥ kSNfLyV ARÕLyVfsRj¨Or]ÿ\V RRhvv\j¾]sOU \q]Nf¾]sOU WLeOÐ kqLo¡w°¥ v]wWsjU R\pVfO kb]S¨º]vqOÐO. Bh|R¾ oL¡ÕLÕL Bp] ASjWv¡x°¥ kSNfLyV SrLo]¤ nqeU ja¾]RpÐ kLqÒq|v]w~LyU f]Wÿ\OU wq]pLReÐO \]Í]¨OÐvqOU wq]pRæsÐO \]Í]¨OÐvqOU NW]yVf }p SsLW¾]sOºV. yf|R¾ vLyVfvoLp] yVSjz]ÿ\ORWLºV yf|LSj~xeU ja¾], kSNfLyV ARÕLyVfsRj¨Or]ÿ\V v\j¾]sOU \q]Nf¾]sOU krpOÐ WLq|°¥ vyVfOj]xVboLp] v]wWsjU R\pVfL¤, ASÇzR¾¨Or]ÿ\OU Bh]oRRNWyVfvynRp¨Or]ÿ\OU yLoLj|U v]whoLp]¾RÐ joO¨O ojô]sL¨L¢ yLi]¨OU. AmÈU kãLRf, pgL¡À yf|°¥ ASj~x]ÿ\O WRº¾OÐf]jV jLU NwÈ]S¨º WLq|°RtRÍLR¨RpÐV NkLqUnoLp] v]wh }Wq]ÿ\SwxU NkyVfOf v]xp¾]Ss¨O joO¨O NkSvw]¨LU.

yf|U

WLq|°¥ vLyVfv¾]¤ I°Rj Bp]q]¨OÐOSvL Af]jLeV yf|U IÐO jLU krpOÐfV. Bp]q]¨OW IÐ ospLtkh¾]R£pOU Af]jO fOs|oLp (b }) Bs IÐ CUæY }xV kh¾]R£pOU Aa]òLjkqoLp BwpoLeV CT khU RWLºV jLU A¡ÀoL¨OÐfV. RRhvU yf|vLjLpOU yf|¾]R£ Drv]aoLpOU IæsLã]R£pOU Bh]WLqeoLp] Bh] oOf¤ DºLp]q]¨OÐvjLpOU RRmm]t]¤ Rvt]RÕaO¾RÕŸ]q]¨OÐO.¹ RRhv¾]R£ y~nLvv]Swx°t]¤ vtRq NkiLjRÕŸ KÐLeV yf|U² IÐf]jO yUwpo]æs. Af]jL¤ RRhvR¾ Ar]pOWpOU AjOyq]¨OWpOU R\áOÐ IæsLvqOU yf|¾]jO vs]p NkLiLj|U RWLaO¨OWpOU yf|R¾ yVSjz]¨OWpOU yf|U ASj~x]ÿ\O WRº¾] Af]jjOyQfoLp] y~Í^ }v]fU NWo }Wq]¨OWpOU R\áOÐO.

yf|vOU jÚORa v]w~LyvOU

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jLU SW¥¨OÐ WLq|°¥ yf|U fRÐpLSeL IÐV yPƒVooLp] kq]SwLi]¨OÐ y~nLvU joO¨]RæsË]¤ jLU yf|¾]jO kWqU Ayf|U v]w~y]¨OU; oLNfoæs, jÚ]¤j]ÐOU B Ayf|°¥ oãOçvq]Ss¨O kq¨OWpOU R\áOU; C°RjpLeV ks AÌv]w~Ly°tOU SsLW¾]¤ Nk\q]ÿ\]ŸOçfV. IÐL¤ yPƒVokq]SwLij ja¾OÐ y~nLvU joO¨ORºË]¤ Rfã]ÈLqeW¥ Ku]vL¨LjOU pgL¡À vyVfOfW¥ WRº¾LjOU joO¨O yLi]¨OU. CT y~nLvU, yf|U vLyVfv¾]¤ yf|U fRÐRpÐ DrÕV jÚ]¤ DtvL¨OU. ASf yopU yf|RoÐO kq]Ye]¨RÕaOÐfOU pgL¡À¾]¤ Ayf|°tLp]q]¨pOU R\áOÐ WLq|°tORa vLyVfvò]f] joO¨O SmLi|RÕaLjOU Af]avqO¾OU.

yf|U Ar]pLf]q]¨OÐfOU Rfã]Èq]¨OÐfOU vtRq j]¡nLY|WqoLp AvòpLeV. Af]jL¤ yf|S¾LaOç BÄL¡ÀoLp yVSjzvOU yf|U WRº¾L¢ jRÚ yzLp]¨OÐ yPƒVokq]SwLij IÐ y~nLvv]SwxvOU jÚ]sORºÐV DrÕOvqO¾]R¨LºO oLNfSo jLU yf|LSj~xeU ja¾LvP. fOa¡ÐOç AÈ|Lp°t]sPRa jLU ja¾OÐ yf|LSj~xeU ks WLq|°Rt¨Or]ÿ\OU jLU vÿ\OkOs¡¾]p]ŸOç iLqeW¥ KÐOW]¤ WPaOf¤ DrÕ]¨OU; ARæsË]¤ Avp]¤ v|f|Ly°¥ vqO¾OU. RRmm]t]R£pOU SsLW\q]Nf¾]R£pOU ynL\q]Nf¾]R£pOU Aa]òLj¾]¤, fOrÐ ojSôLRa Ys }sL NkShw¾V KqO oO¨OvjLp] ^j]¨OWpOU yLiLqe¨Lq]¤ yLiLqe¨LqjLp] ^ }v]¨OWpOU R\pVfvRjË]sOU SsLW\q]Nf¾]¤ oLpL¾ v|©]oONh kf]Õ]ÿ\ ozLÓLq]RsLqLtLp]¾ }¡Ð kSNfLyV ARÕLyVfsRj¨Or]ÿ\V AsVkU v]whoLpOU yPƒVooLpOU joO¨O kb]¨LU.
 

1. `L¢ BWOÐv¢ `L¢ BWOÐO `L¢ BWOÐO IÐOçv¢,I AM WHO I AM i.e. I am the One who is"
IÐ]NkWLqoLeV RRhvU fRоRÐ SoLRwpV¨O Rvt]RÕaO¾]R¨LaO¾fV (kOrÕLaV 3 : 14)

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n~O\fIZU{MeT On~Ie]v

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kLqÒq|°¥

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JfO WLq|U WºLsOU SWŸLsOU Af]SjLaOç fR£ Nkf]WqeU RkRŸÐO NkWaoL¨OÐ y~nLvoLp]qOÐO kSNfLy]jOºLp]qOÐfV. SpwOv]Rj AjOYo]¨OvLjOç Bz~LjU sn]ÿ\pOa¢ fRÐ ASÇzU o }¢k]aO¾U j]¡¾] vs Wa¤¾ }q¾]Ÿ]ŸV SpwOv]SjLaO WPRa SkLp] (o¾Lp] 4: 19, 20); fRШOr]ÿ\V IÍLeV ojô]sL¨]p]q]¨OÐRfÐV SpwO w]x|ÓLSqLaO S\Lh]ÿ\SÕL¥ Bh|U Nkf]Wq]ÿ\fV kRNfLyLp]qÐO (o¾Lp] 16 : 16); Af]jOSwxoLeV oãOç w]x|ÓL¡ SpwOv]Rj RRhvkONf¢ IÐV JãOkr´fV. RkRŸÐO Nkf]Wq]¨OÐ CT y~nLvU \]sSÕL¥ RRhvz]f¾]jO v]qOÈoLp] Nkv¡¾]¨OvLjOU ASÇz¾]j]avqO¾]p]ŸOºV. SpwOv]Rj k]a]¨OvL¢ kŸLtvOU ozLkOSqLz]fÓLqORa S\vWqOU vÐSÕL¥ kSNfLyV vL¥ DTq] ozLkOSqLz]fR£ hLyRj RvŸ]pfV RRhvz]f¾]jOv]qOÈoLp NkvQ¾]pLp]qOÐO (SpLzÐL¢ 18: 10, 11). IÐL¤ RkLfORv SjL¨OSÒL¥ RkRŸÐO Nkf]Wq]¨OÐ ASÇz¾]R£ y~nLvU KqOv]w]xVaYOeU fRÐ Bp]qOÐO IÐO j]ôUwpU krpLU.

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SpwOv]Rj oPÐO fve fç]Õr´ n }qOvLp]qOÐO kSNfLyV IÐO krpOÐfV yf|oLReË]sOU kͨOyVfL jLt]¤ kq]wOÈLÄLv]jL¤ An]x]©jLp]¾ }¡ÐSwxU ASÇzU NkWa]Õ]ÿ\ RRiq|vOU v]w~LyvOU AfOs|oLeV. nqeLi]WLq]WtORapOU ^jNkoLe]WtORapOU SzSrLShyV qL^Lv]R£pOU oOÒ]¤ SpwOv]Rj RRiq|kP¡ÿvU yLƒ]¨OWpOU k]Sãh]vyU vi]¨RÕaL¢ jæs yLi|fpORºÐr]´]ŸOU qLNf]p]¤ KqO npvOU WPaLRf jæs zQhpyoLiLjS¾LaOWPRa, qºO WLv¤kapLt]WtORa oSi| W]aÐO yOXoLp] Dr°OWpOU R\pVf i }qjLp kSNfLy]RjpLeV AÕ. Nkv¡¾j°¥ qºLoi|Lp¾]jOSwxoOç kOf]p j]ponLY°t]¤ jLU WLeOÐfV. Nkf]WPs yLz\q|°tORa oOÒ]¤ ASwxU kfrL¾ A\µsoLp v]w~LyoLeV SNkx]fSvsp]¤ ASÇzU NkWa]Õ]ÿ\fV. fR£ v]w~LyvOU AjOyqevOU j]o]¾U q©yLƒ]pLp] oq]S¨º yopU AaO¾OvqOÐO IÐO WºSÕL¥ pLRfLqO hO@XvOU WPaLRf ySÍLx\]¾jLp]ŸLeV ASÇzU Af]RjÕã] fR£ yzv]w~Ly]W¥R¨uOf]pfV. jÚORa W¡¾LvLp SpwONW]yVfO Ij]¨V Rvt]RÕaO¾]¾Ð]ŸOçfOSkLRs WPaLq¾]¤ j]ÐOç IR£ Sv¡kLa]R£ yopU AaO¾]q]¨OÐO (2 kSNfLyV 1 :14) IÐV kr´O RWLºV, oqeR¾Õã] pLRfLqO D¤¨eVbpOU v]xovOU CæsL¾vjLp] j]sRWLçOvL¢ ASÇz¾]jO Wu]´O. SpwOv]R£ ARÕLyVfs¢ IÐ j]sp]¤ ASÇzU NkWa]Õ]ÿ\ RRiq|vOU v]w~LyvOU AyLiLqeU fRÐpLp]qOÐO.
 

1. o¾Lp] 16 : 162. pLS¨LmV, SpLzÐL¢ IÐ]vqLeV oãO qºOSk¡
(o¾Lp]17:1)
3. o¾Lp] 14 : 28­32
4. o¡R¨LyV 14:30, 31
.5. J. P. Thottil, "264 oL¡ÕLÕLoL¡. P. 10, Published in 1986, by Binu Publications, Arpookkara East, Kottayam-686 008
(Af|OÐf W¡Ç]jL¥ ScL. B£e] ka]prpOU, IreLWOtU Af]qPkfL yzLp RoNfL¢ ScL. RymLð|¢ oËOu]¨q]pOU CT kOyVfWR¾ vtRq Bi]WLq]WoLp KqO NYÏU IÐ j]sp]¤ v }ƒ]ÿ\ORWLºV AjONYzLwUyWtOU An]NkLpvOU SqXRÕaO¾]p]ŸOºV.)
6. 264 oL¡ÕLÕLoL¡ p 12

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kSNfLyV ARÕLyVfs¢ IuOf]p qºO SsXj°tLeV kOf]p j]po¾]sOçfV. KÐLoS¾fV J. c]. 63sOU qºLoS¾fV J. c]. 65 SsL 66sOSoL IuOfRÕŸO IÐLeV SvhkeVc]fÓLqORa WLsYej NkWLqU jLU ojô]sL¨OÐfV. KÐLoR¾ SsXj¾]R£ KaOv]¤, mLm]SsLe]Rs ynpOU IR£ kONfjLp oL¡S¨LyOU j]°¥¨O vÎjU krpOÐO. IÐV IuOf]p]q]¨OÐO. Cf]R£ A¡ÀU J. c]. 63¤ kSNfLyV mLm]SsLe]¤ Bp]qOÐORvÐLeV. kºR¾ mLm]SsL¦ yLNoL^|¾]R£ fsòLjoLp]qOÐ mLm]SsL¦ v]NYzLqLijpORapOU SÛ±oLp ks kOr^Lf]ofL\Lq°tORapOU SWNÎoLp]qOÐO. AfOSkLRsfRÐ iL¡Ú]WoLp] IæsLv]i¾]sOU Ai@kf]ÿ\ AvòpLp]qOÐO KÐLU jPãLº]Rs SrLoL jYq¾]jOºLp]qOÐfV. Af]jL¤ SrLo]¤ j]ÐV CT SsXjRouOf]pSÕL¥, AsËLqnLxp]¤ B jYqR¾ mLm]SsL¦ IÐV kSNfLyV v]Swx]Õ]ÿ\fLWLRoÐV \]s \q]NfWLqÓL¡ krpOÐO. CfO wq]pLSeL AæsSpL IÐO WQf|oLp] j]¡¹p]¨OvL¢ of]pLppLRfLqO Rft]vOWtU joO¨V sn]ÿ\]Ÿ]æs. Af]jL¤ kSNfLy]R£ ^ }v]fLÍ|U SrLo]¤ vÿ\Lp]qÐOSvL AæsSpL IÐV f }¡¾OkrpOvL¢ j]vQ¾]p]æs. IÐL¤, j }SrL \NWv¡¾]pORa WLs¾V SrLo]¤ vÿ\V ASÇzU vi]¨RÕaOWpLeOºLpfV IÐO jLU v]w~y]¨OÐkƒU AfV, SrLo]¤ ASÇzU pLRfLqO y]UzLyjvOU òLk]ÿ\V ynLnqeU ja¾]p]Ÿ]æs IÐ yf|U WOrÿ\OWPa] DrÕ]¨OWpLeV R\áOW; WLqeU KqO y]UzLyj¾]s]qOÐO nqeU ja¾]p ozLjLp KqLt]R£ k }cjoqe¾]jV \q]NfSqX DºLWLRf SkLvOWpOU y]UzLyjo]æsLf]qOÐ kTSsLy]R£ oqe¾]jO \q]NfR¾t]vOºLp]q]¨OWpOU R\áOÐfV Ay~LnLv]WoLeV.
 

1. J. P. Thottil, 264 oL¡ÕLÕLoL¡ Sk^V 10-12

2. Edited by Dr. Xavier, Koodappuzha (f]qOônL\q]NfU, Sk^V 95) Second Edition 1984. Published by Oriental Institute of Regligious Studies, Vadavathoor, Kottayam- 686 010.

3.f]qOônL\q]NfU Sk^V 98

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kSNfLy]R£ NWPwOoqeU

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1. joO¨V kLkU CRæsÐO jLU kr´L¤ AfV BÄvµjpLWOU; ASÕL¥ jÚ]¤ yf|o]RæsÐO vqOU. IÐL¤ jLU kLk°¥ JãO krpOÐORvË]¤, Av¢ v]w~yVfjOU j }f]oLjOoLWpL¤, kLk°¥ ƒo]¨OWpOU IæsL Aj }f]Wt]sOU j]ÐO jRÚ wOÈ }Wq]¨OWpOU R\áOU. 1 SpLz. 1:8, 9.

2. IRÍÐL¤ KqO RRhvSopOçP. RRhv¾]jOU ojOx|¡¨OU oÈ|òjLp] KqOvSjpOçP ­ ojOx|jLp (ojOx|jLp]¾ }¡Ð) SpwONW]yVfO 1 f]SoLS¾SpLyV 2 : 5


3. f]qOônL\q]NfU.PP : 55-56 (Second Edition)

4. kSNfLy]SjLaO kr´ vL¨OW¥ SpwO oãO w]x|ÓLSqLaOU kr´ORvÐV o¾Lp] 18:18 ¤ WLeOÐO. Af]¢NkWLqU nPo]p]¤ RWŸOvLjOU Au]¨OvLjOoOç Ai]WLqU IæsL ASÕLyVfsÓL¡¨OU jsVWRÕŸ]qOÐO. RRhvv\jU NkyUY]¨OSÒL¥ AfOSWŸO v]w~y]¨OÐv¡¨V AvqORa kLk¾]R£ mÌjU Au]ÿ\ORWLaO¨OÐvqLpOU SWŸ]ŸV, v]w~y]¨L¾v¡¨V B mÌjU DrÕ]ÿ\ORWLaO¨OÐvqLpOU ARÕLyVfsÓL¡ Cq]¨ORoÐLeV SpwO kr´fV. CfOfRÐpLeV SpwO DSÇw]ÿ\RfÐV KÐLU jPãLº]Rs ARÕLyVfsÓLqORa jaka]W¥ Rft]p]¨OÐO. kLkSoL\j¾]jLp] oLjyLÍqRÕŸV SpwOv]¤ v]w~y]ÿ\O yVjLjU JsVk]¢ IÐLeV kͨOyVfL jLt]¤ kSNfLyV Bz~LjU R\pVffV. fR£ oOÒ]¤ vÐO kLkU JãOkrpL¢ BSqLaOU Kq]¨sOU ASÇzU kr´]æs. RpzPhÓLqORapOU woq|qORapOU ^Lf]WtORapOU ynp]Ss¨Oç NkSvwjU (y~¡«qL^|¾]Ss¨Oç NkSvwjU) DhVZLajU R\áOÐ \Oofs SpwO kSNfLy]jLeV jsVW]pfV (ARÕL. Nkv. 2:37­42; 8:14­17; 10:44­48). CT A¡À¾]sLeV y~¡«qL^|¾]R£ fLS¨LsOW¥ kSNfLy]jO jsVWRÕŸfV. JãvOU Bh|U SpwOv]R£ RRhvf~U JãOkr´pL¥ IÐ j]sp]¤ ASÇz¾]jV W¡¾LvV CT mzOof] jsVW]. KqO ojOx|LÄLvV y~¡«qL^|¾]Ss¨O NkSvw]¨OÐfV SpwOv]sPRa oLNfoæs, kSNfLy]sOU WPRapLReÐV A¡ÀU vqOÐ pLRfLqO vLW|vOU RRmm]t]¤ Cæs.

5. IÕ]yVS¨LÕ¤ ynWt]Rs kŸf~U RRhvv\j¾]¤ jLU WLeOÐ WLq|oæs. KLSqL òs¾OU Dç v]w~Ly]WtORa WPŸoLp KqO yn, Af]R£ nqe¾]jOU kq]kLsj¾]jOoLp] v\j¾]¤ WLeOÐ SpLY|fWtOç (1 f]SoL. 3:1­13) AÈ|ƒÓL¡ (oPÕÓL¡), wONwPxWÓL¡, wONwPx¨Lq¾]W¥ IÐ]v¡, v]v]i òs°t]sOç ynW¥ fÚ]¤ BÄ]W nTf]W WLq|¾]sOç kqyVkq yzWqeU ­ CvpLeV SsLW¾]¤ SpwONW]yVfO òLk]ÿ\ ynpORa yv]SwxfW¥. kŸf~U IÐfV RRhvv\j¾]¤ CæsL¾ KqO Ai]WLqRR¨oLãyNÒhLpoLeV.

6. The New Internationl Dictionary of the Christian Church. Edited by J. D. Douglas. Published by Zondervan Publishing House, Michigan, USA. Revised Edition P. 251
6. yLz]f|Nkv¡¾W yzWqeyUZU 1990 ¤ Nky]È }Wq]ÿ\ v]w~v]³LjSWLwU 11­LU vLs|U 535­539 vRq Sk^OWt]¤ Nw }jLqLpeYOqOv]R£ sZO^ }v]\q]NfvOU ASÇz¾]R£ Nkv¡¾j°tOU SqXRÕaO¾]p]ŸOºV.

7. ojOx|jO RRhvf~U WsVk]¨OÐf]jO k]Ð]¤ y~pLqLijpORa f¾~vOU DºV. kOSqLz]f¢ RRhv¾]R£ òLj¾O j]sV¨OÐO; Af]jL¤ ApL¥ RRhvoLeV; kOSqLz]f¢ ojOx|jLeV Af]jL¤ ojOx|¢ RRhvoLeV; `L¢ ojOx|jLeV; Af]jL¤ `LjOU RRhvoLeV IÐ]NkWLqoOç \]Í kSqLƒoLp], kOSqLz]fjO RRhvf~U WsVk]¨OÐvqORa ojô]¤ DºV. A°Rj, oãOç ojOx|¡¨O RRhvf~U WsVk]¨OÐv¡ kSqLƒoLp] f°¥¨O fRÐ RRhvf~U WsVk]¨OWpOU y~pLqLij ja¾OWpOU R\áOÐO. ojOx|¢ RRhv¾]R£ òLj¾O j]sV¨OÐORvÐO yËsVk]ÿ\ORWLºV, Ar]S´L Ar]pLRfSpL y~pLqLij ja¾OÐv¡ yL¾LR£ npËqoLp vµjp]sLeV AWRÕŸ]q]¨OÐfV. y~¡«¾]¤ Af]SNwxVbòLjoOºLp]qOÐ RRhv¾]R£ hPf¢ yL¾LjLp] qPkLÍqRÕŸfV, Av¢ fRоL¢ RRhvoL¨L¢ Nwo]ÿ\f]jLsLp]qOÐORvÐ yP\j JwáL 14:12­17 vRq vLW|°t]¤ jLU WLeOÐO. Av¢ R\pVf kLkU ojOx|RjR¨LºOU R\á]¨L¢ Svº], ojOx|jO RRhv¾]R£ òLj¾Oj]ÐO RWLºO kLkU ƒo]¨LjOU oãOU Wu]pORoÐ \]Í Av¢ ojOx|zQhp°t]¤ DtvL¨]p]q]¨OÐO; Af]Rj RRNWyVfvynpORa DkShw°t]¤ KÐL¨]¾ }¡¨OWpOU R\pVf]q]¨OÐO !

8. W¡¾LSv,..... A°O oLNfoLeV kq]wOÈ¢ IÐV y~¡«¾]¤ RRhvR¾ BqLi]¨OÐv¡ krpOÐfLp] Rvt]ÕLaV 15:4­¤ WLeOÐO. Cf]j¡ÀU kq]wOÈ¢ IÐ khv] RRhv¾]jO oLNfoOçfLReÐLeV. ASÕL¥ B khv] ojOx|¢ y~ }Wq]ÿ\L¤ ojOx|¢ fRоRÐ RRhvoL¨OÐ IÐSæs A¡ÀU vqOÐfV?
9. nPo]p]¤ BRqpOU j]°¥ k]fLRvÐO v]t]¨qOfV. IRÍÐL¤ j]°¥¨V KqO k]fLSvpOçP. y~¡«òjLp k]fLvV. j]°¥ SjfL¨ÓL¡ IÐOU v]t]¨RÕaqOfV. IRÍÐL¤ NW]yVfOvLeV j]°tORa JWSjfLvV (o¾L 23: 9, 10)

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RRNWyVfv ynpORa KÐLU jPãLº]Rs \q]NfUyUƒ]kVfoLp] RRmm]t]Rs AÕ. Nkv¡¾j°tORa kOyVfW¾]¤ jLU vLp]¨OÐO. W¡¾Lv]R£ Dp]¡R¾uOSÐsVk]jOSwxU kͨOyVfL h]j¾]¤ kq]wOÈLÄLvV y~¡«¾]¤ j]ÐV nPo]p]Ss¨V AvSqLzeU R\áOWpOU kSNfLy]R£ NkyUYU SWŸ oPvLp]qS¾LtU BtOW¥ SpwOv]¤ v]w~y]¨OWpOU yVjLjSosV¨OWpOU ynSpLaV S\qOWpOU R\pVfO. Af]Rj¾Oa¡ÐV ynp]Rs AUY°tORa I¹U RRhjUh]jU v¡È]ÿ\ORWLº]qOÐO ASfyopU ynpVR¨f]Rq RpzPhÓLqORapOU SrLoL Yv¦Ro£]R£pOU k }cj°tOU v¡È]ÿ\ORWLº]qOÐO. W¡¾Lv]R£ ARÕLyVfsÓL¡ n }xe]WtOU ShSzLkNhv°tOU ^p]¤vLyvOU IæsLU yz]ÿ\ORWLºLeV SNkx]fNkv¡¾j°¥ ja¾]pfV. kTSsLyV ARÕLyVfs¢ fR£ ^ }v]fLÍ|S¾LaV AaO¾yopU fj]¨OºLp AjOnv°¥ CNkWLqoLeV yUNYz]ÿ\O NkyVfLv]ÿ\fV: .......vtRqSpRr `L¢ AÈ~Lj]ÿ\O vtRq WPaOf¤ WLqLYQzvLyojOnv]ÿ\O; I¹oãv]iU NkzqSoãO; ksfve oqevN©¾]sWRÕŸO. AµONkLvw|U RpzPhÓLqORa RRWWt]¤j]ÐV KÐO WOrRp jLsVkfO Aa] v }fU `L¢ RWLºO. oPÐO NkLvw|U va]RWLºV Aa]¨RÕŸO. Kq]¨¤ WRæsr]pRÕŸO. oPÐONkLvw|U WÕskWa¾]¤RÕŸO. KqO qLNf]pOU KqO kWsOU Was]¤ KuOW]jaÐO. fOaRq¾OaRqpOç pLNfW¥¨]ap]¤, jh]Wt]¤ Rvÿ\OU, RWLç¨Lq]¤ j]ÐOU y~ͨLq]¤ j]ÐOU v]^Lf }pq]¤ j]ÐOU Ij]¨V AkWa°tOºLp]. jYq¾]¤ vÿ\OU v]^jNkShw¾Ovÿ\OU Was]¤ vÿ\OU AkWa°t]¤ AWRÕŸO. v|L^ySzLhqÓLq]¤ j]ÐOç AkWa°¥¨OU `L¢ Ai }jjLp]. Wb]jLi~Lj¾]sOU v]xoyÌ]WWt]sOU j]qvi] qLNf]Wt]Rs ^LYqe¾]sOU v]wÕ]sOU hLz¾]sOU ksSÕLuOU DkvLy¾]sOU feOÕ]sOU j®fp]sOU `L¢ ^ }v]ÿ\O (2 SWLr]SÍLyV 11:23­27). oãV ARÕLyVfsÓL¡¨V CSfv]i¾]sOç k }cLjOnv°¥, AsVkU WOr´ Atv]¤ DºLp] IÐOU o]¨vqOU q©yLƒ] oqeU vq]S¨º]vÐO IÐOoLeV RRhvv\jvOU \q]NfSqXWtOU v|©oL¨OÐfV. kSNfLyV yOv]SwxSZLxeU BqUn]ÿ\aOp¢fRÐ nqeLi]WLq]WtORa n }xe]¨OU favOw]ƒpV¨OU vSiLh|o¾]jOU v]SipjLpfLp] AÕ.Nkv¡¾j°¥ 4, 12 IÐ } AÈ|Lp°t]¤ jLU WLeOÐO. NW]yVfOj]o]¾U WxVafpjOnv]¨L¢ CapLWOÐfV nLY|oLReÐV fR£ SsXj¾]sPRa (kSNfLyV 3:13­17) ASÇzU DhVSmLi]Õ]ÿ\]q]¨OÐf]R£ kéL¾sU fR£ ^ }v]f¾]¤ fL¢ AjOnv]ÿ\ORWLº]qOÐ WxVafWtOU k }cj°tOoLp]qOÐO.

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Bh|R¾ oPÐO jPãLºOW¥ Af]Wb]joLp k }cj°t]sPRapLeV RRNWyVfv yn WaÐOSkLpfV IË]sOU SpwONW]yVfOv]R£ v }ºOU vqvV, oq]ÿ\vqORa kOjqOÀLjU, j]f|oLp y~¡«vLuV\ fOa°]p WLq|°t]¤ DºLp]qOÐ v]w~LyU k }cj°Rt Af]^ }v]¨OvL¢ Bvw|oLp RRiq|U ynLUY°¥¨O jsVW]. Af]jL¤ yn SrLoL yLNoL^|¾]¤ w©] NkLk]ÿ\ORWLºOfRÐp]qOÐO. I. c]. 313 ¤ SrLoL \NWv¡¾]pLp]qOÐ WOyVfÍ }SjLyV (SWL¦ð¢RRa¢)NW]yVfOofU y~ }Wq]ÿ\f]Rj¾Oa¡ÐV k }cj°¥ AvyLj]¨OWpOU RRNWyVfv ynpV¨V \NWv¡¾]pORa ofRoÐ khv] sn]¨OWpOU R\pVfO. qL^L¨ÓLRq RRhv°Rt¨LtOU vs]pvqLp] kq]Ye]¨OÐ kf]vLeV A¨Ls¾V SrLoLyLNoL^|¾]sOºLp]qOÐfV.5 AfOj]o]¾U WOyVfÍ }SjLyV \NWv¡¾] NW]yVf|Lj]pLp] IÐOSWŸ SrLoL yLNoL^|¾]Rs Nk^W¥ WPŸUWPŸoLp] NW]yVfOofU y~ }Wq]ÿ\O. CNkWLqU kOfOfLp] NW]yVf|Lj]WtLp]¾ }¡Ð SrLoL yLNoL^|¾]Rs ^j°t]¤ nPq]kƒvOU NW]yVf }p v]w~Ly¾]R£ Aa]òLjoLp oLjôLÍqU WPaLRfpLeV NW]yVf|Lj]W¥ Bp]¾ }¡ÐfV. AvqORa hQxVa]p]¤ ofkq]v¡¾jU IÐfV kup ShvÓLRq oLã] AvqORa òLj¾V WPaOf¤ w©]pOç kOf]p ShvÓLRqpOU Shv]oLSqpOU Nkf]xVb]¨OÐ NkNW]p Bp]qOÐO. AvRq RRhvv\jU wq]pLp] kb]Õ]¨OW AyLÈ|oLp]qOÐO; kb]Õ]¨L¢ SvºNf DkShxVaL¨ÓL¡ DºLp]qOÐOo]æs; Af]jL¤ kOr^Lf] ofv]w~Ly°tOU NW]yVf }p v]w~Ly°tOU fÚ]¤ WPa]¨s¡ÐV KqO yËqv]w~LyU qPkURWLçOÐ yLz\q|U RRNWyVfv ynp]¤ DºLp]; A°Rj yUnv]¨OWpOU R\pVfO.

RRNWyVfv ynp]Ss¨V WPŸoLp ofkq]v¡¾jU jaÐf]Rj¾Oa¡ÐV, kOf]p v]w~Ly]W¥ kºO kq]\p]ÿ\]qOÐ AvqORa mzORRhvv]w~LyU oRãLqO qPk¾]¤ RRNWyVfvynp]Ss¨O kW¡¾L¢ NwoU fOa°]. ShvÓLRq BqLi]¨OÐf]jOkWqU ARÕLyfVsÓLRqpOU Bh]o ynLk]fL¨ÓLRqpORoLR¨ RRhv¾]jOU ojOx|¡¨OU CapV¨O j]sV¨OÐ oÈ|òÓLqLp] \]Nf }Wq]ÿ\ORWLºV AvSqLaO NkL¡Àj BqUn]ÿ\O. kup kOr^Lf] ShvÓLqORa Nkf]oW¥¨O oOÒ]¤ joyVWq]¨OÐf]jO kWqU NW]yVf }p v]wOÈÓLqORa Nkf]oW¥ DºL¨]vÿ\V AvpORa oOÒ]¤ ve°OvL¢ fOa°]. NknLf yPq|Rj joyVWq]¨OÐf]jOkWqU RRhvS¾LaOç NkL¡Àj W]uS¨LŸO f]q]´Oj]ÐV ja¾LU IÐV j]ép]ÿ\O.BWLw qL³]6 IÐ Skq]¤ BqLi]ÿ\O vÐ]qOÐ kOr^Lf] Shv]SpLaO NkL¡À]¨OÐf]jOkWqU SpwOv]R£ AÚpLp or]p¾]jV y~¡«qL³] (BWLw°t]Rs qL³]) IÐ SkqO RWLaO¨OWpOU or]pS¾LaV NkL¡Àj BqUn]¨OWpOU R\pVfO. CNkWLqU KŸO vtRq kOr^Lf] ofL\Lq°RtpOU v]w~Ly°RtpOU NW]yVf }pSvxU Ae]p]ÿ\ORWLºV RRNWyVfv ynp]Ss¨O RWLºOvqOÐf]¤ Av¡ v]^p]ÿ\O. CT vyVfOf W¡Ç]jL¥ j|PoL¢ ‘An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine’ IÐ NYϾ]¤ \Pº]¨Le]ÿ\]ŸOºV. CNkWLqoLeV ASÇzU kr´]q]¨OÐfV: "We are told in various ways of Eusebius that Constantine, in order to recommend the new religion to the heathen, transferred into it the outward ornaments to which they had been accustomed in their own. It is not necessary to go into a subject which the diligerence of protestant writers has made familiar to most of us. The use of temples, and these dedicated to particular saints, and ornamented on occasions with branches of trees; incense, lamps and candles; votive offerings on recovery from illness; holy water; asylums; holy days and seasons, use of calendars, processions, blessings on the fields; sacredotal vestments, the tonsure, the ring in marriage, turning to the East, images at a later date, perhaps the ecclesiastical chant, and the kyric Eleison, are all of pagan origin, and sanctified by their adoption into the church."

Cf]R£ f¡²o fLRu RWLaO¨OÐO

kOf]p ofU (NW]yVfOofU) kOr^Lf]W¥¨V CxVaWqvOU y~ }WLq|vOoL¨]¾ }¡¨OÐf]jLp], Av¡ kq]\p]ÿ\O vÐ]qOÐ (kup) of¾]R£ kOrSopOç BW¡xWoLp iLa]SoLa]W¥ Af]Ss¨V (NW]yVfOof¾]Ss¨V) SWL¦ð¢RRa¢ \NWv¡¾] oLã] Nkf]xVb]ÿ\ORvÐV (jLsLU jPãLº]¤ ^ }v]ÿ\]qOÐ \q]NfWLqjOU RRWyq|p]Rs m]xÕOoLp]qOÐ pOy }m]pyV) ksv]i¾]¤ jSÚLaO kr´]q]¨OÐO. SNkLŸð£V IuO¾OWLqORa NwÈLkP¡ÿvoLp kq]NwoU oPsU joO¨O kq]\]foLp]¾ }¡Ð]q]¨OÐ CT v]xp¾]R£ v]whLUw°t]Ss¨O WaS¨º Af|Lvw|U Cæs. ShvLsp°tORa DkSpLYU, Av v]wOÈÓLqORa SkqOWt]¤ Nkf]xVb]¨OÐ kf]vV, v]SwxLvyq°t]¤ oqR¨LÒOW¥R¨LºV Av AsËq]¨OÐ kf]vV, (kç]p]¤) WOÍ]q]¨U kOWpV¨OW, v]t¨OWtOU RouOWOf]q]WtOU (W¾]¨OW), SqLYyTX|¾]jO Sj¡ÿ\Sj¡ÐV AfO kLs]¨OW, v]wOÈ^sU, AnpSWNΰ¥, v]wOÈRoÐV (WaoOçRfÐV) WqOfRÕaOÐ h]vy°tOU WLs°tOU B\q]¨OÐ kf]vV (SjLÒV), kOe|h]j°¥ SqXRÕaO¾]p WsºrOWtORa DkSpLYU, Nkhƒ]e°¥, WQx] òs°Rt AjONYz]¨OÐ kf]vV, kOSqLz]fÓLqORa NkSf|W vyVNf°¥, (kOSqLz]f kŸU jsVWRÕaOÐf]R£ AapLtoLp]) fsp]¤ j]ÐO oOa] WNf]¨OÐ q }f], v]vLzSoLf]qU, k]sV¨Ls¾V kç]p]¤ v]NYz°¥ òLk]ÿ\fV, (BqLijL yop¾V DkSpLY]¨OÐ) R\LæsOW¥, ‘‘W¡¾LSv, `°tORa So¤ WqOepOºLSWeSo IÐ (Bv¡¾]ÿ\Oç) NkL¡Àj ­ CvRpæsLã]R£pOU DÂvU kOr^Lf]of¾]Rs q }f]WtLeV; yn CvRp y~ }Wq]ÿ\V v]wOÈ }Wq]ÿ\]ŸOçfLWOÐO.7

jLsLU jPãLº]Rs SvhkeVc]fjOU \q]NfWLqjOoLp]qOÐ pOy }m]py]R£ IuO¾OWRtpOU oãV Bi]WLq]W SqXWRtpOU Aa]òLjRÕaO¾]R¨LºV W¡Ç]jL¥ j|PoL¢ NkWa]Õ]ÿ\]q]¨OÐ CT An]NkLpU \q]NfU kb]¨OÐ JRfLqLtOU o]¨vLrOU kO¡¹oLp]¾RÐ wq]vpV¨ORoÐf]jO yUwpo]æs. IÐL¤ kOr^Lf] of¾]R£ kOrRopOç iLa]SoLa]W¥ oLNfSo yn y~ }Wq]ÿ\OçP, NW]yVf }p v]w~Ly°tORa Aa]òLjf¾~°¥¨O SWLŸU fŸ]p]æs IÐ ASÇz¾]R£ \]ÍLYf] vyVfOj]xVboLp]¾RÐ jLU v]sp]qOS¾º]p]q]¨OÐO. Af]R£ NkLqUnka] IÐ j]sp]¤ oL¡ÕLÕpORa òLjvOU khv]pOU Ai]WLqvORoLR¨ I°Rj ynp]¤ qPkU NkLk]ÿ\O IÐO joO¨O kq]SwLi]¨LU.

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SrLoL \NWv¡¾] NW]yVf|Lj]pLpf]Rj¾Oa¡ÐV yLNoL^|¾]Rs NW]yVf }p yoPz¾]jV yÒP¡¹ y~LfNÍ|vOU YvR½£]¤ j]ÐV ks BjOWPs|°tOU sn]ÿ\O. SrLo]Rs m]xÕV \NWv¡¾]pORa k]ÍOepOU yzLpvOU ynL nqe¾]¤ NkSpL^jRÕaO¾LjOU fOa°]. Cf]R£ lsoLp] ASÇzU oãO òs°t]Rs m]xÕÓLRq¨L¥ w©]pOU NkLoOX|vOU Dç BtLp] WLeRÕŸO. NWSoe \NWv¡¾]pORa yzLpS¾LRa oãO òs°t]sOç NW]yVf }p yoPz°tORa So¤ ASÇzU j]pNÍeU R\sO¾LjOU Ai]WLqU NkSpLY]¨LjOU fOa°]. SrLoL jYq¾]Rs NW]yVf }p yoPzR¾ oLNfU jp]¨L¢ Ai]WLqoOºLp]qOÐ m]xÕV SrLoL yLNoL^|¾]Rs yWs RRNWyVfv yoPz°RtpOU nq]¨OÐ BtLp] vt¡ÿ\ NkLk]ÿ\O. A°Rj k]fLvV IСÀU vqOÐ ^ }Os (kLÕL) IÐ khU fR£ KTSh|LY]W jLooLp] SrLo]Rs m]xÕV y~ }Wq]ÿ\O. ASÇz¾]R£ WSyq y]UzLyjoLp] qPkLÍqRÕŸO. A°Rj oL¡ÕLÕpOU ASÇz¾]R£ y]UzLyjvOU SrLoLjYq¾]¤ òLk]foLp]. SsLW\q]Nf¾]¤ AÌWLqpOY°¥ (Dark Ages) IÐr]pRÕaOÐ WLsZŸ¾]sLeV RRNWyVfv ynp]¤ CT kq]v¡¾j°¥ DºLpfV. oL¡ÕLÕLoL¡ qL^L¨ÓLRq¨LtOU vs]p Ai]WLqvOU NkfLkvOoLeV CT WLsZŸ¾]¤ NkWa]Õ]ÿ\]qOÐfV. 11­LU jPãLº]¤ CUæYº]Rs qL^LvLp]qOÐ v]s|U KÐLojV NY]Yr] JuLo¢ kLÕL IuOf]p KRquO¾]¤ kLÕL yPq|SjLaOU qL^LvV \NÎSjLaOU fOs|qLeV IÐLp]qOÐO IuOf]pfV.8 oL¡ÕLÕLpORa y]UzLyj¾]R£ Ai]WLqvOU NkfLkvOU INf vsOfLp]¾ }¡ÐO IÐV Cf]¤ j]ÐV DTz]¨LoSæsL! CNfpi]WU NkfLkvOU Ai]WLqvOoOç y]UzLyjU B¡ òLk]ÿ\O IÐ S\Lh|¾]R£ D¾qRoÍLeV? oO¨OvjLp] ^j]ÿ\V SpwOv]Rj WRº¾]pSwxU NWPw]R£ ySÎwU NkyUY]ÿ\ORWLºV v]v]i qL^|°t]Ss¨O SkLWpOU ^p]¤vLyvOU k }cj°tOU kŸ]e]pOU IæsLU AjOnv]¨OWOpU KaOv]¤ fR£ jLgRjSÕLRsfRÐ NWPw]¤ fs \LpVÿ\V CT SsLWS¾LaO v]a krWpOU R\pVf kSNfLyV ARÕLyVfsj]¤ j]ÐLeV AfO W]Ÿ]pRfÐO kr´L¤ AfV pO©]S¨L mOÈ]S¨L \q]NfvyVfOfW¥S¨L j]q¨OWp]æs. jLsLU jPãLº]jOSwxU SrLo]Rs ynRp nq]ÿ\ m]xÕÓLqORa Ai]WLqR¨Lf]pOU Av¡¨V SrLoL yLNoL^|¾]R£ \NWv¡¾]p]¤ j]ÐO sn]ÿ\ yzLpyzWqe°tOoLp]qOÐO CT y]UzLyjqPk }Wqe¾]jO k]Ð]sOºLp]qOÐfV IÐ WLq|U So¤ \Pº]¨Le]ÿ\ \q]Nf vyVfOfWtOU RRhvv\jvOU j]ôUwpU v|©oL¨OÐOºSæsL.
 

1. P.O.C RRmm]t]¤ WLeOÐ RoNfL¢, SNwxVb¢ IÐ } kh°¥¨OkWqU oãO kq]nLxWt]¤ oPÕ¢, Cap¢, AÈ|ƒ¢ IÐ } kh°tLeOkSpLY]ÿ\]q]¨OÐfV. Elder, Pastor, Bishop IÐ } kh°¥ RWLºV DSÇw]¨OÐ, ynp]Rs AÈ|ƒòLjoLeV CT ospLt kh°¥ RWLºV A¡ÀoL¨OÐfV.

2. KqO yzSNwxVbjOU NW]yVfOv]R£ yzj°tORa hQWVyLƒ]pOU Rvt]RÕaLj]q]¨OÐ ozf~¾]R£ kËOWLqjOU IÐ j]sp]¤ `L¢ j]°tORap]ap]Rs SNwxVbÓLRq DkShw]¨OÐO. 1 kSNfLyV 5 : 1

3. CapÓLqORa fsv¢ (SpwONW]yVfO) Nkf|ƒRÕaOSÒL¥ ozf~¾]R£ Kt]o°L¾ W]q }aU j]°¥¨O sn]¨OU. 1 kSNfLyV 5:4.

4. Bh|WLs°t]¤ Bishop IÐ kh¾]jV AÈ|ƒf vz]¨OÐ B¥ IÐO oLNfSo A¡ÀoOºLp]qOÐOçP. WLsNWo¾]¤ m]xÕÓL¡ vs]p Ai]WLqoOçv¡ Bp]¾ }¡Ðf]R£ lsoLp] CÐV B kh¾]jV qL^Lv]RjSÕLsOç Ai]WLq] IÐ A¡ÀU sn]ÿ\]q]¨OÐO. AfORWLºLeV m]xÕ]Rj f]qOSoj] IÐO jLU v]Swx]Õ]¨OÐfV.

5. ^Ps]pyV y }y¡ oqeSwxU RRhv]W y }y¡ IÐr]pRÕŸO. AYðyV SrLoRpLu]ÿ\Oç Nkv]w|Wt]¤ ShvjLp] BqLi]¨RÕŸ]qOÐO. ASÇz¾]jO SwxoOç \NWv¡¾]oLRqRpæsLU RyjãV ShvÓLqLp] NkX|Lk]ÿ\O. SrLoL yLNoL^|¾]¤ kSsa¾OU ^j°¥ qL^Lv]jO ms]p¡Õ]¨OWpOU qL^jLo¾]¤ yf|U R\áOWpOU R\pVf]qOÐO. (f]qOônL\q]NfU Second Edition 1984. P.56)

6. SpwOv]R£ AÚ or]p¾]jO jsVWRÕŸ y~¡«qL³] (Queen of Heaven) IÐ khv]pORa A¡ÀoLp] Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language (New Revised Edition 1994)¤ WLeOÐfV, 1. a designation of the Virgin Mary 2. an ancient semitic goddess, variously identified with other ancient goddesses, as lsis and Ashtoreth 3. an epithet of Ishtar IÐ]NkWLqoLeV. AfLpfV kOqLfjWLs¾V yOSoq]pLp]sOU WjL¢ jLŸ]sOU l]j }x|p]sOU oãOU vy]ÿ\]qOÐ kOr^Lf]W¥ RIy]yV, AyVRfLq¾V, CxVfL¡ IÐ } SkqOWt]¤ SNko¾]R£pOU pOȾ]R£pOU ShvfpLp] BqLi]ÿ\OvÐ]qOÐ Shv]¨V Av¡ y~¡«qL³] (BWLw¾]R£ qL³]) IÐ òLjSÕqLeV RkLfORv jsVW]p]qOÐfV. ASf òLjSÕqV SrLo¢ ^Lf]WtORa ofkq]v¡¾j¾]jOSwxU SpwOv]R£ AÚ or]p¾]jO jsVWRÕaOWpLeOºLpfV.

7. John Henry Cardinal Newman. "An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine" (P. 373). Longmans, Green & Co. London fifteenth impression. 1914.f¡²op]¤ WLeOÐ NmL¨ãOW¥¨Oç]Rs kh°¥ v]wh }Wqe¾]jLp] oLNfU S\¡¾]ŸOçfLeV; Av f¡²opORa nLYoæs.

8. ynL\q]Nf yUNYzU P.P. 142-143 by Rev. Dr. C.E. Abraham. M.A. D.D. Thrid Revised Edition, 1954, published by the United Society for 
Christian Literature.

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1. Indian Express. Cochin Edition dt. 8th Sept. ‘96. (CT kNfvL¡¾p]¤ IRÍË]sOU Af]wSpL©]SpL k]wSWL DRºÐO vÐL¤ SkLsOU Cf]¤ AÍ¡nv]ÿ\]q]¨OÐ f¾~U RfRãÐO vq]Wp]æs; WLqeU of°tOU yUyVWLq°tOU fÚ]¤ kqyVkqU mÌRÕaOÐf]R£ IsoLp] Av ASj|Lj|U y~Li }j]¨OWpOU AvpORa f¾~°tOU B\LqLjOxVbLj°tOU CaWsqOWpOU R\áOÐfO y~LnLv]WoLReÐO of°tORa \q]NfU Rft]p]¨OÐOºV.)

2. qPk°tOºL¨] kç]p]¤ vpV¨OWpOU AvRp ve°OWpOU R\áOÐ kf]vV jLsLU jPãLº]jO SwxoLeV RRNWyVfv ynp]sOºLpfV IÐ WLq|U IæsL \q]NfWLqÓLqOU KqO SkLRs wq]vpV¨OÐ vyVfOfpLeV. kupj]poWLs¾V p]NyLSp¤ ^jU RWqPmOWtORa qPk°¥ DºL¨], KLŸOy¡ÕR¾ DºL¨] IRÐLR¨ kr´V y~qPkve¨U j|Lp }Wq]¨L¢ \]s¡ Nwo]¨OÐOºV. IÐL¤ KLŸOy¡ÕR¾ ^jU BqLi]¨L¢ fOa°]pSÕL¥ RRhv¾]R£ hLyjLp]qOÐ Rzy¨]pL qL^LvV Af]Rj Daÿ\O RkLa]pL¨]¨t´ORvÐV v\j¾]¤ (2 qL^L¨ÓL¡ 18 : 4) jLU vLp]¨OÐO. RWqPmOWRt BRqË]sOU IRÐË]sOU ve°]pfLp] v\j¾]¤ Kq]a¾OU WLeOÐOo]æs.

3. SpwOv]¤ v]w~Lyo¡Õ]ÿ\V BÄqƒ NkLk]ÿ\]Ÿ]æsL¾ KqL¥ oq]ÿ\f]jOSwxU ApL¥¨OSvº] B¡ IÍO NkL¡À]ÿ\LsOU KqO NkSpL^jvOU DºLWp]æs IÐfV v\j¾]Rs yf|oLeV. sP¨LpORa yOv]SwxU 16­LU AÈ|Lp¾]¤ v]vq]ÿ\]q]¨OÐ ijvLR£ AjOnvvOU ‘Kq]¨¤ oqevOU k]RÐ j|Lpv]i]pOU IÐ SvhvLW|vOU (RzNmLp¡ 9 : 27) Cf]jO Rft]vLeV.

4. W¡¨]aW oLy¾]¤ SWqt¾]¤ ksqOU ja¾LrOç vLvOms], oq]ÿ\vqORa BÄL¨tORa jÓpV¨OSvº] jÚORa jLŸ]Rs ^Lf }p oLfL\LqNkWLqU ja¾RÕaOÐ KqO W¡ÚoLeV.

5. oq]ÿ\v¡¨OSvº] CÐO ja¾RÕaOÐ f]qO¨¡Ú°¥ qPkU NkLk]ÿ\fV jLsLU jPãLº]jO SwxoLp]qORÐË]sOU oq]ÿ\v¡¨OSvº] NkL¡À]ÿ\L¤ NkSpL^joOºLWOSoL IÐ v]xpU Af]jO oOÒOfRÐ NW]yVf }p ynp]¤ \¡ÿ\Lv]xpoLp]¾ }¡ÐO IÐLeV \q]NfSqXW¥ yP\]Õ]¨OÐfV. SpwOv]¤ v]w~Lyo¡Õ]ÿ\ KqL¥ yVjLjSosV¨OÐf]jOoOÒO oq]ÿ\O SkLpL¤ ApL¥¨V BÄqƒ W]ŸLRf SkLWOSoL IÐO \]s¡ BwË NkWa]Õ]ÿ\ kéL¾s¾]sLeV CfV \]ÍLv]xpoLp]¾ }¡ÐfV.
6. The Golden Bough: A History of Myth and Religion by Sir James Frazer. Abridged Volume published by Macmillan & Co. Ltd, in 1994. PP 347-348.
7. SrLo]Rs m]xÕ]jV oãV òs°t]Rs ynWtORaSo¤ Ai]WLqoORºÐV I. c]. 444¤ v]tUmqU kOrRÕaOv]ÿ\ vs£]j]p¢ IÐ SrLoL\NWv¡¾]Rp¨Or]ÿ\V Encylopaedia Britannica (1967 Edition Vol. 22.P.854)CNkWLqoLeV NkyVfLv]ÿ\]q]¨OÐfV."In 444 Valentinian, acting in conjunction with Pope Leo the Great, issued his famous Novel 17, assigning to the Bishop of Rome a supremacy over the provincial churches that the Popes had been trying to establish but that many leading churchmen had been unwilling to admit." 
(vs£]j]p¢ \NWv¡¾] ozLjLp SkLÕV s]SpLpORa fLsVkq|NkWLqU SrLo]Rs m]xÕ]jV oãO òs°t]Rs ynWtORaSo¤ Ai]WLqoORºÐV I. c]. 444¤ Novel 17 
IÐ Skq]¤ Ar]pRÕaOÐ fR£ WsVkj oOXLÍqU NkX|Lk]ÿ\O. A°Rj ks kLÕLoLqOU òLk]Rÿ\aO¨L¢ Nwo]ÿ\fOU ynLSjfL¨ÓLq]¤ ksqOU If]¡¾fOoLp, oãO òs°t]Rs ynWtORa SosOç Ai }wf~U (j]pNÍeU) SrLo]Rs m]xÕ]jO sn]ÿ\O.)

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8. yoPzU jÐLWOSÒL¥ `LjOU jÐLWLU IÐO \]s¡ krpOÐfV vLyVfv¾]¤ n }qOf~U j]o]¾oLeV, oãOçv¡¨]æsL¾ AjONYzU f°¥¨O Svº IÐ oSjLnLvU j]o]¾oæs. B oSjLnLvU j]o]¾oLp]qORÐË]¤, yoPz¾]¤ ASjW¡¨OU hLq]Nh|oOçf]jL¤ Ij]¨O yoQÈ] Svº, ASjW¡¨O jæs v }a]æsL¾f]jL¤ Ij]¨O jæs v }aO Svº, ASjW¡¨O jæs nƒeo]æsL¾f]jL¤ Ij]¨O jæs nƒeU Svº, mô]¤ pLNf R\áOÐ ks¡¨OU Cq]¨L¢ y }ãO W]ŸL¾f]jL¤, mô]¤ WprOSÒL¥ Ij]¨O y }ãO Svº, IÐ]NkWLqU jLU \]Í]Sÿ\Sj. CNkWLqU BqOU \]Í]¨L¾f]jL¤ BÄqƒpOSapOU yf|v]w~Ly¾]R£pOU WLq|¾]¤ oLNfU, yoPzU A°RjpLpf]jL¤ `LjOU A°Rj fRÐ IÐO \]Í]¨OÐf]jO j|Lp }Wqeo]æs. A°]Rj krpOÐfV yoPz¾]jO oOÒ]¤ jLU n }qO¨tLpfORWLºO oLNfoLeV. n }qOf~U, jqW¾]Ss¨O jRÚ vs]ÿ\]upV¨OÐ kLkoLReÐLeV RRmm]t]¤ (Rvt]ÕLaV 21:8) kr´]q]¨OÐfV.
 

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1. kSNfLSy, j } kLrpLWOÐO; CT kLrSo¤ `L¢ IR£ ynRp ke]pOU IÐV SpwONW]yVfO kr´ORvÐV jLU SW¥¨LrOºV. IÐL¤ SpwONW]yVfO kr´fV vLyVfv¾]¤ CNkWLqoLp]qOÐO: j } kSNfLyV BeV; CT kLrSo¤ IR£ yn `L¢ òLk]¨OU. jqW WvLa°¥ Af]Rjf]Sq NkmsRÕaOWp]æs. o¾Lp] 16:18. kSNfLyV (Petros) IÐ Skq]jV NY }¨OnLxp]¤ kLr¨æsV IÐLe¡ÀU. NW]yVfOvLWOÐ kLr (Petra) So¤ vpV¨RÕŸ kLr¨æsOW¥ (Petros) W¥ Bp]qOÐO kSNfLyOU oãV ARÕLyVfsÓLqOU. SpwOv]¤ v]w~Lyo¡Õ]ÿ\V qƒ]¨RÕŸV ynpORa AUY°tLp]¾ }qOÐ IæsLvqOU y^ }v w]spLWOÐ NW]yVfO oOXLÍqU y^ }v w]sWtLp] qPkLÍqRÕaOÐORvÐV 1 kSNfLyV 2:4­5 vLW|°t]¤ kr´]q]¨OÐf]¤ j]ÐV v|©oLWOÐfV, kLr IÐ khU RWLºV SpwO fRоRÐ A¡ÀoL¨] IÐLeV. CT ShvLspU jw]Õ]¨OW; oPÐO h]vy¾]jWU `L¢ AfO kOjqOÈq]¨OU IÐV RpqOwSsU ShvLsp¾]¤ j]ÐORWLºV SpwO RpzPhÓLSqLaV kr´SÕL¥ ( SpLz. 2:19­22) ShvLspU IÐ khURWLºV A¡ÀoL¨]pfV NWPw]¤ fW¡¨RÕaL¢ SkLWOÐ fR£ wq }qoLp]qOÐO. AfOSkLRs fRÐ CT kLrSo¤ IÐO kr´SÕL¥ 1SWLr]SÍLyV 10:4¤ WLeOÐfOSkLRs, BÄ]W kLrpLWOÐ fRоRÐpLeV SpwO A¡ÀoL¨]pfV.

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kSNfLyV WLe]ÿ\ oLfQW

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   1. j]R£ W¡¾LvLp RRh vU `LjLWOÐO. `LjæsLRf oRãLqO RRhvU j]j¨OºLWqOfV. (Bible)

   1. `LjLeV j]R£ RRhvoLp W¡¾LvV. `LjæsLRf SvRr ShvÓL¡ j]j¨OºLWqOfV.

   2. oOWt]¤ BWLw¾]SsL fLRu nPo]p]SsL nPo]¨a]p]SsL ^s¾]SsL Dç KÐ]R£pOU Nkf]oSpL y~qPkSoL j } j]¡Ú]¨qOfV; AvpV¨OoOÒ]¤ Nkeo]¨OWSpL AvRp BqLi]¨OWSpL R\áqOfV. IRÍÐL¤, `L¢, j]R£ RRhvoLp W¡¾L vV, Ayz]xVeOvLp RRhvoLeV. IRÐ RvrO¨OÐ k]fL¨ÓLqORa WOã°¥¨V AvqORa o¨Rt oPÐOU jLsOU fsoOr vRq `L¢ w]ƒ] ¨OU. IÐL¤, IRÐ yVSjz]¨OWpOU IR£ WsVkjW¥ kLs]¨OWpOU R\áOÐvSqLaV Bp]qoLp]qU fsoOrW¥ vRq `L¢ WqOe WLe]¨OU. (Bible)

   2. RRhv¾]R£ f]qOjLoU vQgL NkSpLY]¨qOfV.

  3. j]R£ RRhvoLp W¡¾Lv]R£ jLoU vQgL DkSpLY]¨qOfV. fR£ jLoU vQgL DkSpLY]¨OÐvRj W¡¾LvV w]ƒ]¨LRf v]aOWp]æs. (Bible)

  3. W¡¾Lv]R£ h]vyU kq]wOÈoLp] B\q]¨eU.

  4. yLm¾O v]wOÈh]joLp] B\q]¨eRoÐV KL¡Ú]¨OW. BrO h]vyU AÈ~Lj]¨OW, IæsL S^Ls]WtOU R\áOW. IÐL¤ JuLU h]vyU j]R£ RRhvoLp W¡¾Lv]R£ yLm¾LeV. AÐV j }SpL j]R£ oWSjL oWStL hLySjL hLy]SpL j]R£ oQY°StL j]SÐLRaL¾O vy]¨OÐ kqShw]SpL KqO SvspOU R\áqOfV. IRÍÐL¤, W¡¾LvV BrOh]vyURWLºV BWLwvOU nPo]pOU yoONhvOU Avp]sOç yoyVfvOU yQxVa]¨OWpOU JuLU h]vyU v]Nwo]¨OWpOU R\pVfO. A°Rj Av]aOÐV yLm¾Oh]jR¾ AjONYz]¨OWpOU v]wOÈ }Wq]¨OWpOU R\pVfO. (Bible)

  4. oLfLk]fL¨Rt mzOoLj]¨eU.

  5. j]R£ RRhvoLp W¡¾L vO fqOÐ qL^|¾O j } h }¡ZWLsU ^ }v]ÿ\]q]S¨ºf]jO j]R£ k]fLv]RjpOU oLfLv]RjpOU mzOoLj]¨OW (Bible)

  5. RWLæsqOfV.
  6. RWLæsqOfV. (Bible)
  6. v|n]\LqU R\áqOfV.
  7. v|n]\LqU R\áqOfV.(Bible)
  7. SoLxVa]¨qOfV.
  8. SoLxVa]¨qOfV (Bible)
  8. WçyLƒ] krpqOfV.
  9. ApsV¨LqRjf]qLp] v|L^yLƒ|U jsVWqOfV (Bible)
  9. Aj|R£ nLq|Rp SoLz]¨qOfV.
  10. Aj|R£ vyVfO¨¥ SoLz]¨qOfV.

  10. ApsV¨LqR£ nvjU SoLz]¨qOfV ApsV¨LqR£ nLq|RpSpL hLyRjSpL hLy]RpSpL AvR£ oRãRÍË]sOSoL SoLz]¨qOfV(Bible).
 

AjOmÌU 2

"R^LzL¢ RaãVy¤ v]sVkj ja¾]p kLkSoL\jÿ\ }ŸV

 

oL¡Ÿ]¢ sPg¡ 1517 KWVSaLm¡ 31­LU f]áf] 95 If]¡j|Lp°¥ IuOf] ^¡Új]p]Rs v]ã¢m¡«V W¾ }Ncs]R£ vLf]s]SÓ¤ KŸ]ÿ\Ovÿ\f]ja]òLjoLp kLkSoL\jÿ\ }ŸV. Will Durant R£ The Story of Civilization: part VI The Reformation P 338­¤ WLeOÐ DÈqevOU Af]R£ f¡²opOU. Cf]R£ v¢SfLf]sOç v]sVkjRp¾Oa¡ÐLeV 14­LU jPãLº]R£ BqUnU oOf¤ RRNWyVfvynp]¤ j }r]ÕOW´ORWLº]qOÐ jv }WqeL®] Bt]¨¾OvLj]apLpfV.

"May our Lord Jesus Christ have mercy on thee, and absolve thee by the merits of His most holy passion. And I, by His authority, that of His blessed Apostles Peter and Paul, and of the most holy Pope, granted and committed to me in these parts, do absolve thee, first from all ecclesiastical censures, in whatever manner they may have been incurred, and then from all thy sins, transgressions, and excesses, how enormous soever they may be, even from such as are reserved for the cognizance of the Holy See; and as far as the Keys of the Holy Church extend, I remit to you all punishment which you deserve in purgatory on their account, and I restore you to the holy sacraments of the Church......and to that innocence and purity which you possessed at baptism; so that when you die the gates of punishment shall be shut, and the gates of the paradise of delight shall be opened; and if you shall not die at present, this grace shall remain in full force when you are at the point of death. In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost."

jÚORa W¡¾LvLp SpwONW]yVfO j]SÐLaO WqOe WLe]¨OWpOU fR£ kq]wOÈoLp k }cLyzjU oOXLÍqU j]j¨O kLkSoL\jU jsVWOWpOU R\áOoLrLWRŸ. Av]aOR¾ Ai]WLqU, AjONYz]¨RÕŸ ARÕLyVfsÓLqLp kSNfLy]sPRapOU kTSsLy]sPRapOU oL¡ÕLÕLpV¨O sn]ÿ\]ŸOçf]jL¤ IÐ]¤ j]ƒ]kVfoLp B Ai]WLqoOkSpLY]ÿ\V, WLqe°tOU yLz\q|°tOU kq]Ye]¨LRf, `L¢ j]j¨V, ynpORa w]ƒWt]¤ j]ÐOU, j]R£ kLk°t]¤ j]ÐOU, Af]NWo°t]¤ j]ÐOU­ Av INf vs]pvSpL, kq]wOÈ oL¡ÕLÕLpV¨O oLNfU kq]SwLi]ÿ\O f }qOoLjRoaO¨LvOÐvSpL Bp]qOÐL¤ fRÐpOU (CSÕL¥) SoL\jU jsVWOÐO. v]wOÈynpORa (y~¡«qL^|)fLS¨L¤ DkSpLY]ÿ\V `L¢ j]j¨V SosVkr´v oPsU wOÈ }Wqeòs¾V j } AjOnv]S¨ºfLp IæsL w]ƒWt]¤j]ÐOoOç SoL\jU jsVWOÐO. oLNfoæs. IæsL v]wOÈ WPhLwWtORapOU AjONYz¾]Ss¨O j]RÐ `L¢ pgLòLjRÕaO¾OWpOU oLSÚLh }yL yop¾O j]j¨O sn]ÿ\ j]xVWtËf v }ºOU jsVWOWpOU R\áOÐO. j } oq]¨OSÒL¥ w]ƒLv]i]pORa vLf]sOW¥ j]jR¨f]Rq Aa´]q]¨OU. ySÍLxkP¡¹oLp krOh }ypORa vLf]¤ j]R£ oOÒLRW fOr¨RÕaOU; j } DaRj oq]¨Lf]qOÐL¤ CT AjONYz°¥ j]R£ oqeU vRq j]sj]sV¨OWpOU oqe¾]R£ j]o]x¾]¤ kP¡¹oLp Atv]¤ j]j¨O sn]¨OWpOU R\áOU; k]fLv]R£pOU kONfR£pOU kq]wOÈLÄLv]R£pOU jLo¾]¤ fRÐ!
 

Bibliography

1. The Holy Bible: New American standard Translation (The Ryrie Study Bible) published by the Moody Bible Institute,Chicago, 1978)

2. The Holy Bible : Malayalam Translation, published by the Pastoral Orientation Centre, Cochin, Third Impression 1987. Nihil Obstat Dr. John Berdimans OIC, Fr. John Kunnappally; Imprimatur: George Punnakottil (Bishop of Kothamangalam) Chairman, Kerala Cahtolic Bishop’s Council’s Bible Commission.

3. The Holy Bible: Malayalam O. V. published by the Bible Society of India. 206 Mahatma Gandhi Road, Bangalore.

4. The Holy Bible: Malayalam Translation published by CRL Society, Hosanna Nagar, Palai, 1993.

5. Abraham C. E. Sabhacharithra Sangraham. Third Revised Edition, 1954. published by the United Society Christian Literature.

6. The New International Dictionary of the Christian Church. Ed. Douglas J. D. published by Zondervan publishing House, Michigan, USA. Revised Edition.

7. Durant, Will. The Story of Civilization - part VI: The Reformation A History of European Civilization from Wyclif to Calvin: 1300-1564. published by Simon and Schuster New York 1957.

8. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Edition 1967. Vol.22

9. Frazer, James. the Golden Bough: A History of Myth and Religion. Abridged Volume published by Macmillan & Co. Ltd. 1994.

10. Indian Express, Kochi 8 September 1996.

11. Newman, John Henry. An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine. Published by Longmans, Green & Co. London, 15th impession 1914.

12. Padamanabha Pillai, G. Sreekandeswaram. Sabdatharavaly: published by Sahitya Pravarthaka co-operative Society Ltd. Kottayam 11th Edition 1986.

13. Syro Malabar Sabhyude Kurbana: Janangalude Upayogathinu (Date of publication and Name of publisher not mentioned)

14. Thottil J. P. 264 Marpappamar (264 Popes), published in 1986 by Binu Publications, Arpookkara East, Kottayam.

15. ‘Viswavijnanakosam’ Vol III published by Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd; Kottayam, 1988.

16. Viswavijnanakosam’, Vol II published by Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd., Kottayam, 1990.

17. Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language (New Revised Edition 1994)

18. Thirusabhacharithram Edited by Xavier, Koodappuzha. Second Edition 1984, published by Oriental Institute of Religious Studies, Vadavathoor, Kottayam.